nlisted as a Private with Company D of the 41st Regiment, Pennsylvania Militia on 1 July 1863; mustered out on 3 August 1863.
Enlisted a second time as a Private with Company B of the 47th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers on 18 January 1864; mustered out with the 47th at the close of the Civil War at Charleston, South Carolina on 25 December 1865. Major engagements of the 47th during this time included: Union General Nathaniel Banks' Red River Campaign across Louisiana (March-May 1864), including the Battles of Sabine Cross Roads and Pleasant Hill; and Union General Philip Sheridan's tide-turning 1864 Shenandoah Valley Campaign (including Battles of Fisher's Hill and Opequan, September 1864, and Battle of Cedar Creek on 19 October 1864).